How Do We Produce Food?: Crash Course Geography #43
Over the millennia, every region on Earth has developed its own successful agricultural ecosystem from flat fields of grain and mountainside rice terraces to coastal fish farms and goat herding. Today, we’re going to break down agricultural systems into three scales: subsistence, small-scale, and industrial agriculture. And we’ll take a look at how a place’s history plays a huge role in the system we see today as we follow the story of agriculture in the Philippines.
SOURCES
Davila, F. (2018). Human Ecology and Food Systems: Insights from the Philippines. Human Ecology Review, 24(1), 23–50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26506660
Theresa Ventura. (2016). From Small Farms to Progressive Plantations: The Trajectory of Land Reform in the American Colonial Philippines, 1900–1916. Agricultural History, 90(4), 459–483. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3098/ah.2016.090.4.459
The development and agriculture paradigms transformed: Reflections from the small-scale organic rice fields of the Philippines Robin Broad &
John Cavanagh https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2012.722082
Colonial history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines
asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-philippines-an-overview-of-the-colonial-era/
Agribusiness
http://asianfarmers.org/afaresearches0876dlsj/2009-09-agribusiness.pdf
Age of Farmers
https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol149no2/aging_filipino_rice_farmers_.pdf
Land Tenure
https://cadasta.org/resources/white-papers/strengthening-land-tenure-informal-ettings/
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/3/28/asian-rice-crisis-starts-to-bite
https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/30/growing-pains-southeast-asian-farmers-need-cheaper-agritech
Climate Change
https://theconversation.com/in-philippines-climate-change-and-conflict-both-conspire-against-rural-women-77729
https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/a-staple-food-to-withstand-disaster/
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45828150
https://www.irri.org/climate-change-ready-rice
Agroecology
Altieri, M.A., Funes-Monzote, F.R. & Petersen, P. Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder farmers: contributions to food sovereignty. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 32, 1–13 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0065-6 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13593-011-0065-6#citeas
http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdf
Agroecology – writ large; https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5449-2_1#Abs1
Eric Holt-Giménez & Miguel A. Altieri (2013) Agroecology, Food Sovereignty, and the New Green Revolution, Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37:1, 90-102, DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2012.716388
http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdf
Water Footprint
https://www.fao.org/3/ap527e/ap527e.pdf